Relatively stable over the past decade, and continues to be an area of natural pastures (3.4 mill

The second half of the twentieth century. there were significant regional structural changes in world agricultural production. General increase in material and technical equipment and marketing, globalization has accelerated significantly in all areas of development. Enter a direct measure of changes in land use. Although the concentration of traditional agriculture in temperate and hot zone persists, foods that don t spoil agricultural use of various natural areas remains uneven. A higher proportion of land use areas chernozem and chestnut soils (about one third), intensively exploited brown wood, brown and gray-brown soils. 4800000000 hectares of agricultural land covers 37% of the total land area of ​​the world. foods that don t spoil The increase in agricultural foods that don t spoil land, continues active in the 90's. I slowed foods that don t spoil down the social and environmental reasons, the impact and the limited land resources.
In the 50 years after World War II due to irrational use (over-grazing, improper irrigation, deforestation, farming systems use pochvoistoschayuschih) 1.2 billion hectares of degraded, which are excluded from production. Now degrading to 17% of the vegetative land, they suffer from erosion, salinization, waterlogging, physical and chemical degradation. The lowest percentage of degraded

land in North America (7%), while the largest in Western Europe (23%), has a rather high degree of degradation in Africa (17%) and Asia (18%) lower than the average South American (14 %) and Oceania foods that don t spoil (12%). Each year 12.6 million hectares under agricultural use, while the newly developed land represents only about 5.4 million hectares.
Furthermore, we know that 9/10 plot a serious barriers for agricultural development purely natural factors

- climate (drought), soil, hydrology, glaciology (the eternal, that is, long-term, frozen ground). The biggest negative of land in Asia, Australia, South America and Africa. It is much better in this respect is the case in Europe and North America. As a result, agricultural foods that don t spoil development (percentage of agricultural land in the total land area) is currently the largest in Australia and Oceania (58%), Europe foods that don t spoil (47%) and Asia (42%). Countries, the largest line of agricultural land - China (496 million hectares), Australia (465) USA (427) and Russia (210 million hectares). The structure of the agricultural land in the whole of the global dominance of natural pastures (70.1%), while 27.8% is arable and perennial plants - only 2.1%. In Europe alone, the grazing rate is substantially lower than the rest of the world's arable land is dominated by grasslands. High-plowed completely separated from the Ukraine, Denmark, Bangladesh and India. The high-field characteristic of the United States (179 million hectares), India (170 million hectares), China (135 million hectares) and Russia (130 million hectares). Large arable land in Canada and Brazil. Availability of arable land per capita - one of the most important indicators of agricultural potential. Global trends - declining - the years 1980-1994. 0.3 to 0.24 ha. Between countries, foods that don t spoil there is a huge contrast zemleobespechennos-ti:

Kazakhstan 2.05 hectares per capita, Canada - 1.62, China - 0.08, and Japan - 0.03 hectares of arable land.
In developed

countries, the decline is primarily determined foods that don t spoil by the land, the increase foods that don t spoil in production intensification. Reduced tillage and countries with economies in transition, such as Russia in the 90's. 4 million hectares. The growth in developing countries, there are examples of arable land due to soil improvement (Brazil), but some occurred and Control (Indonesia).
The class as a field crop and perennial plantings. If the area of ​​arable land (1.3 million hectares) in the world over the past 15 years, has stabilized in the underground for permanent crops (perennial grasses, shrubs, trees) increased (from 129 million hectares in 1996). This is due to the increased fruit and industrial crops (grapes, citrus, coffee, cocoa, tea, rubber). The largest area of ​​these crops Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, China, India), a number of South American countries (eg, Brazil), and Europe (eg Spain). Malaysia and Sri Lanka perennial plants over the field.
Relatively stable over the past decade, and continues to be an area of ​​natural pastures (3.4 million hectares in 1995), although there is indeed more to say about the size of multidirectional vibrations associated with throwing plowing or tilling, deforestation, etc. The most extensive pastures in Australia ( 425 million hectares), China (400 million hectares), the U.S. (239 million foods that don t spoil hectares) and Kazakhstan